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What role does gender responsive public services play in advancing women’s rights and addressing gender inequality?
Public services should address and meet the needs and priorities of the general public based on their gender, disability, age, ethnicity and social context including religion.
We recognize that, too often, underfunded and unresponsive public services reproduce the inequalities and injustices in society. Women are usually the most disadvantaged: they often pay an unfair proportion of their income in tax (owing to regressive systems that depend on VAT); they rarely have full access to the quality of public services their tax should pay for; and they experience increased burden of unpaid care work when society fails to provide key services.
We have to acknowledge that Gender responsive public services play a vital role to the progress on the fulfilment of girl’s and women’s right to education, water and sanitation, bodily integrity, sexual and reproductive health rights etc. . Moreover public services have the potential to create more equal societies, countering social and economic inequalities. Yet all too often, services are under-resourced and inadequate; they do not fulfil women’s and girls’ human rights but instead reproduce or perpetuate exclusion and injustice (AAK). The critical role public services play in advancing women’s human rights and addressing gender inequality has been repeatedly recognized in international law as well as by researchers, unions and civil society organizations. From the Beijing Platform for Action to the Human Rights Council, the sustainable development goals (SDGs), treaty bodies, UN Resolutions and experts have repeatedly recognized that a failure to deliver public services has discriminatory impacts.
Being gender responsive means going beyond acknowledging the existing gender gaps and really doing something to close these gaps. A gender responsive public service identifies that males and females often have different practical and strategic needs and priorities for what services are provided, how they are financed and how they are provided. This means providing these services through a gender lens. For a service to be gender responsive, it should integrate measures for promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment, foster women’s inclusion in addition to providing equal opportunities for both women and men to derive social and economic benefits – this means that both gender’s concerns and experiences become fundamental elements in the planning, budgeting, designing, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of these projects (public services) and policies.
To achieve this, we need to ensure that public services are; (a) publicly funded (b) publicly delivered and universal (c) gender equitable and inclusive and (d) focused on quality in line with human rights framework.
States remains the primary duty bearers responsible for delivering human rights. Yet increasingly states seek to relinquish their obligations, diminish public services and seek ways to have them provided by private sector actors. These decisions are political and the outcome often means higher costs to states, lower quality services, and increased inequality and marginalization. States have the capacity to progressively provide these services (GRPS) too often they simply lack the political will to do so.